åºç«
ãã€ãšãããžã¥ãŒã¹ã¯ãå¥åº·çãªã©ã€ãã¹ã¿ã€ã«ããµããŒãããããã«èšèšããã飲ã¿ç©ã§ããäœã«ããªãŒã§ãããªããããã¿ãã³ãããã©ã«ãè±å¯ã«å«ãŸããŠãããäœã«å¿ èŠãªæ é€çŽ ãå¹çããæåã§ããŸãããã«ãŒããéèãããŒã¹ã«ããèªç¶ãªçããç¹åŸŽã§ãé£äºå¶éäžã§ãæºè¶³æãåŸãããŸããå¿ããæ¥åžžã®äžã§æ軜ã«æ é€è£çµŠãã§ããããããã€ãšããäžã®æ¹ãå¥åº·ãæèããæ¹ã«ããããã§ãã
ãã€ãšããäžã«ããããã®äœã«ããªãŒãžã¥ãŒã¹ã¬ã·ã
ãã€ãšããäžã«ãžã¥ãŒã¹ã楜ããããšã¯ãã«ããªãŒãæãã€ã€æ é€ãæåããããã®å¹æçãªæ¹æ³ã§ããäœã«ããªãŒã§ãããªããæºè¶³æãåŸããããžã¥ãŒã¹ãéžã¶ããšã§ããã€ãšããã®æåã«äžæ©è¿ã¥ãããšãã§ããŸããããã§ã¯ããã€ãšããäžã«ããããã®äœã«ããªãŒãžã¥ãŒã¹ã¬ã·ããããã€ã玹ä»ããŸãã
ãŸããã°ãªãŒã³ã¹ã ãŒãžãŒã¯ãã€ãšããäžã®å®çªã§ããã»ãããèãã±ãŒã«ãªã©ã®èç©éèãããŒã¹ã«ããã¥ãŠãªãã»ããªãå ããããšã§ããã¿ãã³ãããã©ã«ãè±å¯ã«æåã§ããŸããããã«ãªã³ãŽãã¬ã¢ã³ãå°éå ããããšã§ãèªç¶ãªçã¿ãšé žå³ããã©ã¹ããã飲ã¿ããããªããŸããããã«ããããã®éèã¯äœã«ããªãŒã§ãããªããé£ç©ç¹ç¶ãè±å¯ãªãããæºè ¹æãåŸããããé£äºã®éãèªç¶ã«æžããããšãã§ããŸãã
次ã«ãããªãŒç³»ã®ãžã¥ãŒã¹ãããããã§ãããã«ãŒããªãŒãã©ãºããªãŒãã¹ããããªãŒãªã©ã®ããªãŒé¡ã¯ãæé žåç©è³ªãè±å¯ã§ãäœã«ããªãŒã§ãããªããçã¿ã匷ãã®ãç¹åŸŽã§ããããããããŒã¹ã«ãããžã¥ãŒã¹ã¯ããã¶ãŒãæèŠã§æ¥œããããšãã§ãããã€ãšããäžã®çããã®ãžã®æ¬²æ±ãæºããã®ã«åœ¹ç«ã¡ãŸããããã«ãããªãŒé¡ã¯ãã¿ãã³Cãé£ç©ç¹ç¶ãè±å¯ã§ãçŸèå¹æãè žå ç°å¢ã®æ¹åã«ãå¯äžããŸãã
ãŸããããããžã¥ãŒã¹ãäœã«ããªãŒã§æ é€äŸ¡ãé«ã飲ã¿ç©ãšããŠç¥ãããŠããŸãããããã«ã¯ãªã³ãã³ãšããæé žåç©è³ªãå«ãŸããŠããããããäœå ã®æŽ»æ§é žçŽ ãé€å»ããåããããŸããããã«ãããããžã¥ãŒã¹ã«å°éã®ããžã«ããªãªãŒããªã€ã«ãå ããããšã§ã颚å³ãå¢ããæºè¶³æãåŸãããŸãããªãªãŒããªã€ã«ã¯å¥åº·çãªè質ãå«ãã§ãããå°éã§ããã°ãã€ãšããäžã§ãåé¡ãããŸããã
æåŸã«ãææ©ç³»ã®ãžã¥ãŒã¹ãèŠéããŸããããªã¬ã³ãžãã°ã¬ãŒããã«ãŒãã䜿ã£ããžã¥ãŒã¹ã¯ããã¿ãã³Cãè±å¯ã§ãå ç«åã®åäžã«åœ¹ç«ã¡ãŸãããããã®æç©ã¯èªç¶ãªçã¿ãšé žå³ããããç ç³ãå ããªããŠãååã«çŸå³ããä»äžãããŸããç¹ã«ã°ã¬ãŒããã«ãŒãã¯èèªççŒå¹æããããšãããŠããããã€ãšããäžã«ã¯ç©æ¥µçã«åãå ¥ãããé£æã§ãã
ãããã®ãžã¥ãŒã¹ã¯ãããããäœã«ããªãŒã§ãããªããæ é€äŸ¡ãé«ãããã€ãšããäžã®æ é€è£çµŠã«æé©ã§ãããžã¥ãŒã¹ãäœãéã¯ãã§ããã ãæ°é®®ãªææã䜿çšããç ç³ã人工çå³æãé¿ããããšã§ãããå¥åº·çãªé£²ã¿ç©ã«ä»äžããããšãã§ããŸãããã€ãšããäžã§ãçŸå³ãããæ é€è±å¯ãªãžã¥ãŒã¹ã楜ããããšã§ãå¥åº·çãªäœã¥ããããµããŒãããŸãããã
ãžã¥ãŒã¹ã¯ã¬ã³ãºã®å¹æãšæ³šæç¹
ãžã¥ãŒã¹ã¯ã¬ã³ãºã¯ãçæéã§äœå
ããªã»ããããå¥åº·ãä¿é²ããæ¹æ³ãšããŠäººæ°ãéããŠããŸããæç©ãéèãäž»æåãšãããžã¥ãŒã¹ãäžå®æéæåããããšã§ãæ¶ååšå®ãäŒãŸããäœå
ã®æ¯çŽ ãæåºããããšãç®çãšããŠããŸãããã®æ¹æ³ã¯ãç¹ã«ãããã¯ã¹å¹æãæåŸ
ãã人ã
ã«æ¯æãããŠããŸãããžã¥ãŒã¹ã¯ã¬ã³ãºã®å¹æãšããŠã¯ããŸã第äžã«ãæ¶ååšå®ã®è² æ
ã軜æžããããšãæããããŸããåºåœ¢ç©ãæåããªãããšã§ãæ¶åã«å¿
èŠãªãšãã«ã®ãŒãç¯çŽãããã®åãäœã®ä¿®åŸ©ãåçã«åãããšãã§ãããšãããŠããŸãã
ããã«ããžã¥ãŒã¹ã¯ã¬ã³ãºã¯ããã¿ãã³ãããã©ã«ãè±å¯ã«å«ããããæ é€çŽ ã®è£çµŠã«ã圹ç«ã¡ãŸããç¹ã«ãæ®æ®µã®é£ç掻ã§äžè¶³ããã¡ãªæ é€çŽ ãå¹ççã«æåã§ããç¹ãé åã§ããããã«ãããèã®èª¿åãè¯ããªã£ããããšãã«ã®ãŒã¬ãã«ãåäžãããããããšãæåŸ ãããŸãããŸãããžã¥ãŒã¹ã¯ã¬ã³ãºãè¡ãããšã§ãé£ç掻ãèŠçŽããã£ããã«ããªããŸããã¯ã¬ã³ãºåŸã«ã¯ãå¥åº·çãªé£äºãå¿ãããããã«ãªã人ãå€ããé·æçãªå¥åº·ç¶æã«ç¹ããå¯èœæ§ããããŸãã
ãããããžã¥ãŒã¹ã¯ã¬ã³ãºã«ã¯æ³šæç¹ãååšããŸãããŸãããžã¥ãŒã¹ã ãã®ç掻ã¯ãé·æéç¶ãããšæ é€ãã©ã³ã¹ãåãæãããããŸããç¹ã«ãã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªãè質ãäžè¶³ããã¡ã«ãªããããçèéã®æžå°ããã«ã¢ã³ãã©ã³ã¹ã®ä¹±ããåŒãèµ·ããå¯èœæ§ããããŸãããããã£ãŠããžã¥ãŒã¹ã¯ã¬ã³ãºã¯çæéã§è¡ãããšãæšå¥šãããŠãããéåžžã¯1æ¥ãã3æ¥çšåºŠãäžè¬çã§ãã
ãŸãããžã¥ãŒã¹ã¯ã¬ã³ãºãå§ããåã«ã¯ãå»åž«ãæ é€å£«ã«çžè«ããããšãéèŠã§ããç¹ã«ãæç ããã人ãåŠåš äžã®äººã¯ããžã¥ãŒã¹ã¯ã¬ã³ãºãå¥åº·ã«äžãã圱é¿ãæ éã«èæ ®ããå¿ èŠããããŸããããã«ããžã¥ãŒã¹ã¯ã¬ã³ãºäžã¯ãæ¥æ¿ãªäœéæžå°ãæåŸ ããã®ã§ã¯ãªãããããŸã§äœå ã®ãªã»ãããç®çãšããããšã倧åã§ããäœéãæžå°ãããšããŠããããã¯äžæçãªãã®ã§ãããã¯ã¬ã³ãºåŸã®é£ç掻次第ã§å ã«æ»ãå¯èœæ§ãé«ãããã§ãã
æåŸã«ããžã¥ãŒã¹ã¯ã¬ã³ãºãè¡ãéã«ã¯ã質ã®é«ãææãéžã¶ããšãéèŠã§ãããªãŒã¬ããã¯ã®æç©ãéèã䜿çšããããšã§ã蟲è¬ãååŠç©è³ªã®æåãé¿ããããšãã§ããŸãããŸããèªå® ã§ãžã¥ãŒã¹ãäœãå Žåã¯ãæž æœãªç°å¢ã§è¡ããè¡çé¢ã«ãåå泚æãæãããšãæ±ããããŸãããããã®ç¹ãèžãŸãããžã¥ãŒã¹ã¯ã¬ã³ãºãè³¢ãåãå ¥ããããšã§ãå¥åº·çãªã©ã€ãã¹ã¿ã€ã«ãå®çŸããäžå©ãšãªãã§ãããã
åžè²©ã®ãã€ãšãããžã¥ãŒã¹ã®éžã³æ¹ã¬ã€ã
ãã€ãšãããžã¥ãŒã¹ã¯ãå¥åº·çãªã©ã€ãã¹ã¿ã€ã«ããµããŒãããããã®äŸ¿å©ãªéžæè¢ãšããŠäººæ°ããããŸããããããåžè²©ã®ãã€ãšãããžã¥ãŒã¹ãéžã¶éã«ã¯ãããã€ãã®éèŠãªãã€ã³ããèæ ®ããå¿ èŠããããŸãããŸããæåè¡šã確èªããããšãäžå¯æ¬ ã§ããå€ãã®ãžã¥ãŒã¹ã«ã¯ãç ç³ã人工çå³æãå«ãŸããŠããããšããããŸãããããã®æåã¯ãã«ããªãŒãå¢å ãããã ãã§ãªããå¥åº·ã«æªåœ±é¿ãåãŒãå¯èœæ§ããããããã§ããã ãé¿ããã¹ãã§ãã代ããã«ãèªç¶ãªçå³æãç¡æ·»å ã®è£œåãéžã¶ããšãæãŸããã§ãã
次ã«ãæ é€äŸ¡ãèæ ®ããããšãéèŠã§ãããã€ãšãããžã¥ãŒã¹ã¯ããã¿ãã³ãããã©ã«ãè±å¯ã§ããããšãçæ³çã§ããç¹ã«ããã¿ãã³Cããã¿ãã³Aãã«ãªãŠã ãªã©ã®æ é€çŽ ãå«ãŸããŠãããžã¥ãŒã¹ã¯ãå ç«åãé«ããããäœã®æ©èœããµããŒããããããã®ã«åœ¹ç«ã¡ãŸãããŸããé£ç©ç¹ç¶ãå«ãŸããŠãããžã¥ãŒã¹ã¯ãæºè ¹æãæç¶ãããã®ã«åœ¹ç«ã¡ãé£äºã®ééã空ããããšãã§ããããããã€ãšããã«å¹æçã§ãã
ããã«ãã«ããªãŒã®æåéã管çããããã«ããžã¥ãŒã¹ã®ã«ããªãŒæ°ã確èªããããšã倧åã§ããäœã«ããªãŒã®ãžã¥ãŒã¹ãéžã¶ããšã§ãæ¥ã ã®ã«ããªãŒæåéãæããããšãã§ããŸãããã ãã極端ã«äœã«ããªãŒã®è£œåã¯ãæ é€ãäžè¶³ããŠããå¯èœæ§ãããããããã©ã³ã¹ãèæ ®ããããšãå¿ èŠã§ãã
ãŸãããªãŒã¬ããã¯èªèšŒãåãã補åãéžã¶ããšãäžã€ã®æ¹æ³ã§ãããªãŒã¬ããã¯è£œåã¯ãååŠè¥æã蟲è¬ã䜿çšããã«æ œå¹ãããåæã䜿çšããŠãããããããå®å šã§å¥åº·çã§ãããšãããŠããŸããããã«ãããäœã«æ害ãªç©è³ªã®æåãé¿ããããšãã§ããŸãã
ããã«ã補åã®è£œé æ¹æ³ã«ã泚ç®ããããšãéèŠã§ããã³ãŒã«ããã¬ã¹è£œæ³ã§äœããããžã¥ãŒã¹ã¯ãç±ãå ããã«å§åã§ææ±ãæœåºãããããæ é€çŽ ã倱ããã«ãããšãããŠããŸãããã®ãããªè£œæ³ã§äœããããžã¥ãŒã¹ã¯ãããæ°é®®ã§æ é€äŸ¡ãé«ããšèããããŠããŸãã
æåŸã«ãå³ã飲ã¿ããããèæ ®ã«å ¥ããã¹ãã§ããã©ããªã«å¥åº·çãªãžã¥ãŒã¹ã§ããå³ã奜ã¿ã§ãªããã°ç¶ããããšã¯é£ããã§ãããã詊飲ã§ããå Žåã¯ãå®éã«å³ã確ãããŠããè³Œå ¥ããããšããå§ãããŸãããããã®ãã€ã³ããèæ ®ããããšã§ãèªåã«åã£ãåžè²©ã®ãã€ãšãããžã¥ãŒã¹ãèŠã€ããããšãã§ããã§ããããå¥åº·çãªéžæãããããšã§ããã€ãšããã®æåã«äžæ©è¿ã¥ãããšãã§ããŸãã
ãã€ãšããã«åœ¹ç«ã€ã¹ãŒããŒããŒããžã¥ãŒã¹ã®çŽ¹ä»
ãã€ãšãããæåãããããã«ã¯ãé©åãªæ é€çŽ ãæåããªããã«ããªãŒãæããããšãéèŠã§ãããã®ãããå€ãã®äººãã¹ãŒããŒããŒããžã¥ãŒã¹ã«æ³šç®ããŠããŸããã¹ãŒããŒããŒããžã¥ãŒã¹ã¯ãæ é€äŸ¡ãé«ããå¥åº·çãªãã€ãšããããµããŒãããããã®åªããéžæè¢ã§ãããããã®ãžã¥ãŒã¹ã¯ããã¿ãã³ãããã©ã«ãæé žåç©è³ªãè±å¯ã«å«ãã§ãããäœã®æ©èœãæé©åãããšãã«ã®ãŒã¬ãã«ãç¶æããã®ã«åœ¹ç«ã¡ãŸãã
ãŸããã¹ãŒããŒããŒããžã¥ãŒã¹ã®ä»£è¡šçãªææãšããŠãã±ãŒã«ãæããããŸããã±ãŒã«ã¯ããã¿ãã³AãCãKãè±å¯ã§ãç¹ã«ãã¿ãã³Kã¯è¡æ¶²ååºã骚ã®å¥åº·ã«å¯äžããŸãããŸããã±ãŒã«ã«ã¯æé žåç©è³ªãå«ãŸããŠãããäœå ã®ããªãŒã©ãžã«ã«ãäžåããããšã§ã现èã®æå·ãé²ããŸããããã«ãããèåã®é²è¡ãé ãããå¹æãæåŸ ã§ããŸããã±ãŒã«ãããŒã¹ã«ãããžã¥ãŒã¹ã¯ããã€ãšããäžã®æ é€è£çµŠã«æé©ã§ãã
次ã«ãã¹ãã«ãªããã¹ãŒããŒããŒããžã¥ãŒã¹ã«æ¬ ãããªãæåã§ããã¹ãã«ãªãã¯è»é¡ã®äžçš®ã§ãããã±ã質ããã¿ãã³B矀ãéåãè±å¯ã§ããç¹ã«ãããã±ã質ã¯çèã®ç¶æãšä¿®åŸ©ã«å¿ èŠäžå¯æ¬ ã§ããããã€ãšããäžã®çèéã®æžå°ãé²ãã®ã«åœ¹ç«ã¡ãŸãããŸããã¹ãã«ãªãã«ã¯æççäœçšããããäœå ã®ççãæããããšã§ãå¥åº·çãªäœé管çããµããŒãããŸãã
ããã«ããã¢ã·ãŒãã泚ç®ãã¹ãã¹ãŒããŒããŒãã§ãããã¢ã·ãŒãã¯ããªã¡ã¬3èèªé žãé£ç©ç¹ç¶ãã«ã«ã·ãŠã ãè±å¯ã§ãç¹ã«é£ç©ç¹ç¶ã¯æºè ¹æãæç¶ãããå¹æããããŸããããã«ãããéé£ãé²ããã«ããªãŒæåãèªç¶ã«æããããšãã§ããŸãããã¢ã·ãŒãããžã¥ãŒã¹ã«å ããããšã§ãæ é€äŸ¡ãé«ãã€ã€ããã€ãšããå¹æãä¿é²ããããšãå¯èœã§ãã
ãŸããã¢ãµã€ãŒãã¹ãŒããŒããŒããžã¥ãŒã¹ã«é©ããææã§ããã¢ãµã€ãŒã¯ãæé žåç©è³ªã§ããã¢ã³ãã·ã¢ãã³ãå€ãå«ã¿ãå ç«åãé«ããå¹æããããŸããããã«ãã¢ãµã€ãŒã«ã¯é£ç©ç¹ç¶ãå«ãŸããŠãããæ¶åãå©ãããšãšãã«ãè¡ç³å€ã®æ¥æ¿ãªäžæãé²ãå¹æããããŸããããã«ããããšãã«ã®ãŒã¬ãã«ãå®å®ããããã€ãšããäžã®ç²åŽæã軜æžããããšãã§ããŸãã
æåŸã«ããžã³ãžã£ãŒãã¹ãŒããŒããŒããžã¥ãŒã¹ã«å ãããšè¯ãã§ãããããžã³ãžã£ãŒã¯ãæ¶åãä¿é²ãã代è¬ã掻æ§åããå¹æããããŸããããã«ãããäœå ã®èèªççŒãå©ããå¹ççãªãã€ãšããããµããŒãããŸãããŸãããžã³ãžã£ãŒã«ã¯æççäœçšããããäœã®å¥åº·ãç¶æããã®ã«åœ¹ç«ã¡ãŸãã
ãããã®ã¹ãŒããŒããŒããžã¥ãŒã¹ãæ¥åžžã«åãå ¥ããããšã§ãå¥åº·çãªãã€ãšãããå®çŸããçæ³çãªäœéãç¶æããããšãå¯èœã§ãã
ãžã¥ãŒã¹ã§æåããã¹ããã¿ãã³ãšããã©ã«ã®ãªã¹ã
ãã€ãšãããžã¥ãŒã¹ã¯ãå¥åº·çãªã©ã€ãã¹ã¿ã€ã«ããµããŒãããããã®å¹æçãªæ¹æ³ãšããŠäººæ°ããããŸãããããã®ãžã¥ãŒã¹ã«ã¯ãäœã«å¿ èŠãªãã¿ãã³ãããã©ã«ãè±å¯ã«å«ãŸããŠãããæ¥åžžã®æ é€è£çµŠã«åœ¹ç«ã¡ãŸãããŸãããã¿ãã³Cã¯å ç«æ©èœã匷åããèã®å¥åº·ãä¿é²ããéèŠãªæ é€çŽ ã§ãããªã¬ã³ãžãã°ã¬ãŒããã«ãŒããªã©ã®ææ©é¡ã®ãžã¥ãŒã¹ã«å€ãå«ãŸããŠããã颚éªäºé²ã«ãå¹æçã§ãã
次ã«ããã¿ãã³Aã¯èŠåã®ç¶æãç®èã®å¥åº·ã«å¯äžããŸãããã³ãžã³ãã«ããã£ã®ãžã¥ãŒã¹ã¯ãããŒã¿ã«ããã³ãè±å¯ã«å«ã¿ãäœå ã§ãã¿ãã³Aã«å€æãããŸããããã«ããã¿ãã³Kã¯è¡æ¶²ååºã«å¿ èŠã§ããã骚ã®å¥åº·ããµããŒãããŸããã±ãŒã«ãã»ãããèã®ãžã¥ãŒã¹ã¯ããã¿ãã³Kãå¹çããæåããããã®åªããéžæè¢ã§ãã
ãŸãããã¿ãã³Eã¯æé žåäœçšãããã现èã®èåãé²ã圹å²ãæãããŸããã¢ãŒã¢ã³ããã«ã¯ãã¢ãã«ãã䜿ã£ããžã¥ãŒã¹ã¯ããã¿ãã³Eãè±å¯ã«å«ãã§ããŸãããã¿ãã³B矀ãéèŠã§ããšãã«ã®ãŒä»£è¬ãå©ããç¥çµç³»ã®å¥åº·ãç¶æããŸããããããã»ãããèã䜿ã£ããžã¥ãŒã¹ã¯ããã¿ãã³B6ãèé žãå«ãã§ãããç¹ã«åŠåš äžã®å¥³æ§ã«ãšã£ãŠéèŠã§ãã
ããã©ã«ã«ã€ããŠã¯ãã«ã«ã·ãŠã ã骚ãæ¯ã®å¥åº·ã«äžå¯æ¬ ã§ããã¢ãŒã¢ã³ããã«ã¯ãè±ä¹³ãããŒã¹ã«ãããžã¥ãŒã¹ã¯ãã«ã«ã·ãŠã ãè£çµŠããã®ã«é©ããŠããŸãããã°ãã·ãŠã ã¯çèã®æ©èœããµããŒãããã¹ãã¬ã¹ã軜æžããå¹æããããŸããã»ãããèãã¢ãã«ãã䜿ã£ããžã¥ãŒã¹ã¯ããã°ãã·ãŠã ãè±å¯ã«å«ãã§ããŸãã
ããã«ãéåã¯é žçŽ ãéã¶èµ€è¡çã®çæã«å¿ èŠã§ããããšãã«ã®ãŒã®ç¶æã«åœ¹ç«ã¡ãŸããããŒããã»ãããèã®ãžã¥ãŒã¹ã¯ãéåãå¹çããæåããããã®è¯ãæ¹æ³ã§ããã«ãªãŠã ã¯å¿èã®å¥åº·ããµããŒãããè¡å§ã調æŽãã圹å²ãæãããŸãããããããªã¬ã³ãžãžã¥ãŒã¹ã¯ãã«ãªãŠã ãè±å¯ã«å«ãã§ããŸãã
æåŸã«ãäºéã¯å ç«æ©èœã匷åããå·ã®æ²»çãä¿é²ããŸããã«ããã£ã®çš®ããããã䜿ã£ããžã¥ãŒã¹ã¯ãäºéãæåããããã®åªããéžæè¢ã§ãããããã®ãã¿ãã³ãšããã©ã«ããã©ã³ã¹ããæåããããšã§ããã€ãšãããžã¥ãŒã¹ã¯å¥åº·çãªé£ç掻ããµããŒãããäœã®æ©èœãæé©åããã®ã«åœ¹ç«ã¡ãŸãããããã£ãŠãæ¥åžžã®é£äºã«ãããã®ãžã¥ãŒã¹ãåãå ¥ããããšã¯ãå¥åº·ç¶æã«ãããŠéåžžã«æçã§ãã
çµè«
ãã€ãšãããžã¥ãŒã¹ã¯ãã«ããªãŒãç³åãäœããæ é€çŽ ãè±å¯ãªé£²ã¿ç©ãšããŠäººæ°ããããŸãããå¹æçãªãã€ãšããã«ã¯ãã©ã³ã¹ã®åããé£äºãšé©åºŠãªéåãéèŠã§ãããžã¥ãŒã¹ã ãã«é Œãã®ã§ã¯ãªããå šäœçãªç掻ç¿æ £ã®æ¹åãå¿ãããããšã倧åã§ãã